WebAntiochene exegetes tended to insist more than their Alexandrian counterparts on the importance of seeing each biblical passage in its context within the longer narrative of Israels history, and to search for practical, moral applications, while Alexandrian interpreters tended to be more interested in the theological and spiritual meaning. [], [] Alexandrians vs. Antiochenes on Mosaic Law (Part 1) []. Philo used this allegorical approach to Scripture to prove that Moses was superior to any pagan philosophers. Note: this paper was previously written for a class on the History of Biblical Interpretation at Westminster Theological Seminary in Philadelphia. [5] His anthropology followed the Greek notion of the inferiority of the physical to the rational, but he still affirmed the Jewish notion of God as Creator. While the Alexandrian school adopted the "hypostasis union" or the "nature union" of the M. F. Wiles and E. J. Yarnold (Peeters: Leuven, 2001), 306. WebANTIOCH, SCHOOL OF The common doctrinal tendencies, particularly in exegesis and Christology, that characterized the theological thinkers and writers who represented the Antiochian tradition. Even the ceremonial laws have a spiritual sense, although it may be comparatively more obscure than for the moral laws. Grace is the essence of Sinai, but it is veiled until Calvary. Such a categorization would overlook the dual aspect of every text of Scripture. MIRABILIA 17, Home Eletronic Journal of Antiquity & Middle Ages Journal of the Institut d' Estudis Medievals (UAB), Journal of Early Christian Studies 17.3 (2009): 381-419, Vigiliae Christianae 65.4 (2011): 376-407. Hovorun, Serhiy. (LogOut/ Nestorius was enthroned as archbishop on April 10th 428. My childs preference to complete Grade 12 from Perfect E Learn was almost similar to other children. Angels were bound to natural law,[16] Gentiles to natural and civil laws, Jews to natural and ceremonial laws, and Christians to the law of Christ. In other words, ", Popular Controversies in World History: Investigating History's Intriguing Questions, Anglican Theological Review 94:3 (Summer), De Medio Aevo 2 (2012 / 2) ISSN-e 2255-5889. [7] Piotr Ashwin-Siejkowski, Clement of Alexandria on Trial: The Evidence of Heresy from Photius Bibliotheca (Boston: Brill, 2010), 40-43, 75. John Anthony McGuckin (Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004), 140-41. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. [22], Second, Origen believes that the letter of the law is unattainable. 0000009389 00000 n Jesus Christ was both fully human and fully divine. Alexandria had it's own form of Christology, that defined the Human Nature in the Hypostatic Union to be a generic human nature, and this was in contrast (although not incompatible) with the Antiochene Christology that define's Christ's Human nature as a specific human being. Cirilo insiste en que Mara, la madre de Dios, debe ser llamada Theotokos. In scriptural exegesis it placed more emphasis on the tuition and home schooling, secondary and senior secondary level, i.e. Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 78 (2002), 57-78. 0000008977 00000 n As Chau observes, The New Testament differs from the Old only in being a clearer, but not a fuller, manifestation of the spirit.[28], (See the conclusion of the paper in Part 2.). Cristo tena dos naturalezas. It is indeed a good and necessary step in the hermeneutical process. In these works, Origen describes a threefold distinction in the meanings of Scripture, which correspond to body, soul, and spirit. Dr. Pittenger's Criticism of the Alexandrine Christology.-In one place Dr. Pittenger admits that the Alexandrine and the Antiochene are two legitimate ways of thinking on the Person of our Lord, and that each of them will have adherents and admirers all the time. [24] Without a temple, there no longer existed the possibility of a priesthood or a sacrificial system. Philo, a wealthy first-century Jew, was well known for his efforts to integrate Greek philosophy and Jewish theology. WebThe Alexandrian and Antiochian Christological Thoughts1 Many scholars attribute the problem of the Christological formula concerning the nature of Christ "Mia-physis and Dyophyses" to the controversy between the Alexandrian and the Antiochian theology. Further, Origens treatment of the literal sense of a given passage sometimes led him to reject its historicity. 0000003186 00000 n In their Christology they stressed the divinity of Christ. Thus, like his predecessors Philo and Clement, Origen believed that the essence of Mosaic Law is also found in natural law. WebFrom 3rd to 4th century, Tertullian and Origen give a more complete doctrine of Christology. Hb```5x(1a.@qgUn+870p005x@g2b)(| OL Towards the aim, Perfect E learn has already carved out a niche for itself in India and GCC countries as an online class provider at reasonable cost, serving hundreds of students. In response to these teachings of Marcion, Origen defended the positive value and continuing relevance of Mosaic Law for Christians. He writes: The works which Paul repudiates and frequently criticizes are not the works of righteousness which are commanded in the law, but those in which they boast, who keep the law according to the flesh; that is to say, the circumcision of the flesh, the sacrificial rituals, and the observance of Sabbaths and new moon festivals. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. the 10/12 Board helped me to continue my class without quitting job. "The Council of Chalcedon 451: In Search of a Balanced and Nuanced Christology," in Seven Icons of Christ: Introduction to the Oecumenical Councils. This was seen in Clements belief in the eternity of matter and thought, and in cosmic cycles predating the creation of the world. The difference between Alexandria and Antioch was not exegetical; it was theological. 0000005673 00000 n WebCyril of Alexandria was not only one of the finest Christian theologians of his day, he also stands out in the ranks of the greatest patristic writers of all generations as perhaps the most powerful exponent of Christology the church has known. But the relationship between these two senses is like that between an earthenware vessel and a treasure hidden inside. At the same time, Origens eschatology suggests that the body is a mere stepping stone to a higher reality, one in which we enjoy immediate communion with God unencumbered by carnal habits like eating and drinking.[10]. Alexandria and Antioch had developed very different views on the matter: The Alexandrian school leaned towards Christs humanity and divinity being absorbed into each other while Antioch leaned towards maintaining the human and divine in Christ as two separate beings. It was generally in contrast with and sometimes opposed to the theology of Alexandria. I was already a teacher by profession and I was searching for some B.Ed. 0000007720 00000 n [2] Henning Graf Reventlow, History of Biblical Interpretation, trans. Conceiving Orthodox Christology, reviewing Cyril - pillar of faith'- Miaphysite Soteriology, in light of recent theological research, by Kasper, McGuckin, Meunier, Schoonenberg, Wickham, et al, Dogma and spirituality in Cyrillian logic. On the other hand, the term Anthropotokos acknowledges that Mary is the mother of this man but can itself be taken to suggest that he is merely a man, which again is offensive to orthodox Christian faith in the deity of Christ. On the other hand, Gnostic interpreters often denigrated Mosaic Law by ascribing it to an inferior deity, compelling Christians to defend the inspiration and authority of the Old Testament. The difference between Alexandria and Antioch was not exegetical; it was theological. WebAlexandrian and Antiochian approaches to hermeneutics as deployed by John Chrysostom and Gregory of Nyssa as they work with the Beatitudes Typically, the view of Alexandrian and Antiochian hermeneutics has been one of dichotomy: Alexandrians were allegorical, and Antiochians were literal-historical. In particular, I will focus on his Commentary on Romans and show how his hermeneutical distinction between letter and spirit favors the continuity of Mosaic Law in Christian ethics. Finally, I will conclude by arguing that the Reformed traditions approach to Mosaic Law contains both Alexandrian and Antiochene elements. The literal sense is thus reduced to a mere receptacle, playing only an instrumental or subordinate role. [1] The Alexandrian tradition thus placed a heavier emphasis on the trans-historical, spiritual meaning of Scripture, while the Antiochene tradition stressed the primacy of the literal, historically situated meaning of Scripture. WebAlexandria as they had his teacher Origen, but Arius almost single-handedly ushered in an era in which the church was well-nigh intoxicated with Christology, though he did so from a Trinitarian perspective and did not waste much time on the articulation between Christs disparate natures. On the one hand, Jewish interpreters insisted on the total and literal application of Mosaic Law, compelling Christians to defend the supremacy of the revelation of Christ. 0000004309 00000 n Externally, the schools are not as distinct as they have been made out to be: the Alexandrians do not allegorize away the OT as much as has been thought, and the Antiochenes are not necessarily more literal in their methods than the Alexandrians. WebAlexandrian and Antiochene theologians were expedient hermeneuts, meaning they utilized whichever exegetical practice (allegory, typology, literal, historical) that would supply them with their desired theology or interpretive conclusion. Make note of their respective leaders and methodologies, The Christology of the Coptic Orthodox Church, Conditioning Christology in the Early Church, Church History Lesson 17 -Christological Controversies to Chalcedon (451, The Result of the Christological Debate in the Council of Chalcedon, Christological Heresies Related to the Person and Natures of Jesus -Hammons.docx, Appealing to Creed: Theodore of Mopsuestia and Cyril of Alexandria, LOGOS-SARX CHRISTOLOGY AND THE SIXTH-CENTURY MIAENERGISM, The Mystery of the Incarnation: Towards a Reconciliation of Cyril and Nestorius, Divine Suffering & the Christological Vocabularies of St Cyril. Perfect E learn helped me a lot and I would strongly recommend this to all.. [25], Third, Origen does not argue that the letters proper function is to kill. 0000002908 00000 n He was endowed with a brilliant mind and a zeal for orthodoxy, but sometimes his efforts to combat heresies would cause him to over-correct in heterodox directions. Cyril insists that while of itself human nature is not powerful but passible, in its union with the godhead, as in the dynamic act of Incarnation, the human nature of the Logos thereby becomes an instrument of omnipotent power and thus, in a real thought paradoxical sense, an omnipotent instrument. Para l, el Logos de Dios resucit a Lzaro de la muerte, mientras que el hombre Jess llor ante su tumba. [3] According to Elizabeth Lauro, the somatic sense can be understood as literal, whereas the psychic and pneumatic senses are non-literal. [14] Riemer Roukema, Law of Nature, in The Westminster Handbook of Origen, ed. In scriptural exegesis it placed more emphasis on the The goal of this paper will be to evaluate the life and work of one representative of the Alexandrian tradition, Origen of Alexandria. trailer << /Size 68 /Info 40 0 R /Root 43 0 R /Prev 25978 /ID[<3b600cd983abb0cf4f9f19502a618cce><3b600cd983abb0cf4f9f19502a618cce>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 43 0 obj << /Pages 41 0 R /Type /Catalog /Outlines 14 0 R >> endobj 66 0 obj << /S 85 /T 149 /O 195 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 67 0 R >> stream [8] Wai-Shing Chau. 0000004287 00000 n WebANTIOCHENE THEOLOGY The dominant theology of the early Church in Antioch. It is at once powerful and fragile, majestic and humble. For him, God the Logos raised the dead Lazarus, while the man Jesus wept at the tomb. %PDF-1.3 % 42 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 44 /H [ 940 297 ] /L 26946 /E 10052 /N 4 /T 25988 >> endobj xref 42 26 0000000016 00000 n test, which makes it an ideal choice for Indians residing The Alexandrian Christology is usually referred to as Christology from above, orLogos SarxChristology. Theological History of Two Natures/One Person, The rejection of the term Theotokos by Nestorius Constantinople, Nestorius did not intend to argue that Christ had a dual nature, but that view became labeled Nestorianism (PRO), The Two Is of Christ: Revisiting the Christological Controversy, El rechazo del trmino Theotokos por Nestorio de Constantinopla y la refutacin de su enseanza por Cirilo de Alejan, La Virgen Mara, Theotokos, y Cristo, verdadero Dios y verdadero Hombre. In fact, Philo goes so far as to say that Greek philosophers must have appropriated their thought from Moses himself. One important distinction is that between Mosaic Law and natural law. En sus cartas contra Nestorio, Cirilo no slo defiende el ttulo de Theotokos contra acusaciones de que estaba reviviendo la hereja del Apolinarianismo, pero l niega la genuina legitimidad del uso de esquemas cristolgicos alternativos, tales como la asociacin de personas, de la que haban hablado los pensadores antioqueos. Origen, Contra Celsum, 1.4-5; 5.37. As a result, the Alexandrians tended to see Mosaic Law in terms of continuity, and the Antiochenes tended to see it in terms of discontinuity. i.e, word became flesh. [] Note: this is the second part of a paper originally written for a class on the History of Biblical Interpretation at Westminster Theological Seminary in Philadelphia. 0000001508 00000 n 16 and 33, Vetus Latina: Aus der Geschichte der lateinischen Bibel (Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany: Herder, 1990-1998). Such aberrations in theology persuaded his own bishop Demetrius to denounce him as a heretic, and many of Origens views would be condemned in AD 553 at the Fifth Ecumenical Council in Constantinople. Nestorius argued that Theotokos did not do justice to the fact that, strictly speaking, Mary was not the mother of God but rather the mother of the man whom Christian faith recognizes as divine and thus calls God. Si Jess era humano, argumenta Cirilo, y si Dios estaba en otro lugar, la Encarnacin, la Palabra hecha carne, carecera de sentido. Dr. Pittenger's Criticism of the Alexandrine Christology.-In one place Dr. Pittenger admits that the Alexandrine and the Antiochene are two legitimate ways of thinking on the Person of our Lord, and that each of them will have adherents and admirers all the time. 0000001216 00000 n For Ariu s Christ was a creature, generated 0000008565 00000 n Una de sus frases favoritas es: El Logos sufri impasiblemente. El misterio de la Encarnacin segn Cirilo de Alejandra, From Philosophy to Pastoral: A Theological Review and the Pastoral Explications of the Doctrine of the Two Natures in Christ -Chalcedon and Luther, Cyril, Nestorius, and the Logos: A Re-Examination of Early Church Epistles, The Practical Christology of Philoxenos of Mabbug, E. Artemi, The Christological Controversy between Nestorius of Constantinople and Cyril of Alexandria, A Critical Assessment of St Cyril of Alexandrias On the Unity of Christ, and its Significance for Patristic and Modern Theology, Christological Controversies of the First Four Ecumenical Councils, Cyril of Alexandria and Gregory Nazianzen: Tradition and Complexity in Patristic Christology, The Early Christological Controversy: Apollinarius, Diodore, and Gregory Nazianzen. John Anthony McGuckin (Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004), 139. Antiochene side. NIOS helped in fulfilling her aspiration, the Board has universal acceptance and she joined Middlesex University, London for BSc Cyber Security and For Origen, fixation on the literal sense is precisely what led both Jews and Gnostics astray. 0000007081 00000 n Then, there were many different viewpoints of the doctrine proposed by Alexandrian School (ex: Arius, Athansius, and Apollinarius) and Antiochene School (ex: 0000009410 00000 n 0000008123 00000 n WebThe Alexandrian and Antiochian Christological Thoughts1 Many scholars attribute the problem of the Christological formula concerning the nature of Christ "Mia-physis and Dyophyses" to the controversy between the Alexandrian and the Antiochian theology. Jesucristo era plenamente humano y plenamente divino. [7], Such was the heritage of Origens forbears. WebAlexandrian and Antiochene theologians were expedient hermeneuts, meaning they utilized whichever exegetical practice (allegory, typology, literal, historical) that would supply them with their desired theology or interpretive conclusion. Cyril of Alexandria was not only one of the finest Christian theologians of his day, he also stands out in the ranks of the greatest patristic writers of all generations as perhaps the most powerful exponent of Christology the church has known. I was in search of an online course; Perfect e Learn For Origen, God ordained this historical event in order to guide his people from the letter to the spirit. [20] In this respect, one sees a clear overlap with the content of Mosaic Law, and especially the Ten Commandments. Emerge as a leading e learning system of international repute where global students can find courses and learn online the popular future education. [9] These tenets include the participation of created objects in eternal, incorporeal Forms, the impossibility of predicating truth about God, and the transmigration of the soul. 3:6). The contemporary historian Socrates called Nestorius a proud and ignorant man whose innate and undisputed oratorical power masked a weakness of incisive thought. Grade 10 and 12 level courses are offered by NIOS, Indian National Education Board established in 1989 by the Ministry of Education (MHRD), India. Had a great experience here. WebThe theology of the Alexandrian school was influenced by the Platonic traditions of Philosophy. [14] Origen was persuaded that all rational creatures, excepting young children,[15] were accountable to some law or another. [9] Mark Edwards, Origen against Plato (Hampshire, England: Ashgate, 2002), 160-1. Nestorio sostuvo que el trmino Theotokos no hizo justicia al hecho de que, en sentido Eirini ARTEMI, The rejection of the term Theotokos by Nestorius of Constantinople and the refutation of his teaching by Cyril of Alexandria De Medio Aevo 2 (2012 / 2) ISSN-e 2255-5889 126 estricto, Mara no fue la madre de Dios, sino la madre del hombre a quien la fe cristiana reconoce como divino, y por eso lo llama Dios. Theodore of Mopsuestia prefers to speak of the perfect union of Christs natures rather than synthesis. Por otro lado, el trmino Anthropotokos reconoce que Mara es la madre de este hombre, pero dicho trmino puede en s mismo dar a entender que l no es ms que un hombre, lo cual de nuevo es ofensivo a la fe cristiana ortodoxa en la deidad de Cristo. l encontr en las expresiones Madre de Dios y Dios sufriente poco ms que una devocin ignorante que haba cortado tantos ngulos en sus implicaciones, hasta el punto de haberse quedado muy cerca de las concepciones mticas paganas de la deidad. 1 (2008), 95-110, The Lynching of Nestorius: Cyril, The Strongman of Alexandria, Created or uncreated: The influence of philosophy and cultural normatives on the development of opposing interpretations of Christ as Logos leading up to Nicaea, The Christology of Eutyches at the Council of Constantinople 448. While the Alexandrian school adopted the "hypostasis union" or the "nature union" of the (LogOut/ Cirilo se sumerge en el debate con invectivas fuertes, remitiendo un documento Para Nestorio, el nuevo Judas. In the following centuries, the church faced opposition on two fronts. WebANTIOCH, SCHOOL OF The common doctrinal tendencies, particularly in exegesis and Christology, that characterized the theological thinkers and writers who represented the Antiochian tradition. Nestorius was enthroned as archbishop on April 10th 428. Edwards also questions the common assumption that Origen held to a doctrine of the pre-existence of the soul. In large measure, Origen inherited this de-historicizing and allegorizing approach to Scripture from two earlier Alexandrians: Philo and Clement. Externally, the schools are not as distinct as they have been made out to be: the Alexandrians do not allegorize away the OT as much as has been thought, and the Antiochenes are not necessarily more literal in their methods than the Alexandrians. The New Testament describes the early controversy over the question of whether to circumcise Gentile believers (Acts 15). (LogOut/ There is no record of a formal school such as apparently existed at alexandria, although lucian of antioch directed his didascalion and Diodore of Tarsus his WebThe notion that there existed a distinction between so-called Alexandrian and Antiochene exegesis in the ancient church has become a common assumption among theologians. Christ had two natures. Thomas Scheck (Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2002), 1-2. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. There is no record of a formal school such as apparently existed at alexandria, although lucian of antioch directed his didascalion and Diodore of Tarsus his Alan J. Hauser and Duane F. Watson (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2003), 352. WebThe theology of the Alexandrian school was influenced by the Platonic traditions of Philosophy. [18] Cf. Lx0d`U}rY @ v Qe` v6SG 1>} Z` mN | endstream endobj 67 0 obj 178 endobj 44 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 41 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 45 0 R /F1 48 0 R >> /ProcSet 64 0 R >> /Contents [ 50 0 R 52 0 R 54 0 R 56 0 R 58 0 R 60 0 R 62 0 R 65 0 R ] /Thumb 29 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 596 851 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 596 851 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 45 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /Name /F0 /BaseFont /TimesNewRoman,Bold /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 255 /Widths [ 250 333 555 500 500 1000 833 278 333 333 500 570 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 333 333 570 570 570 500 930 722 667 722 722 667 611 778 778 389 500 778 667 944 722 778 611 778 722 556 667 722 722 1000 722 722 667 333 278 333 581 500 333 500 556 444 556 444 333 500 556 278 333 556 278 833 556 500 556 556 444 389 333 556 500 722 500 500 444 394 220 394 520 778 500 778 333 500 500 1000 500 500 333 1000 556 333 1000 778 667 778 778 333 333 500 500 350 500 1000 333 1000 389 333 722 778 444 722 250 333 500 500 500 500 220 500 333 747 300 500 570 333 747 500 400 549 300 300 333 576 540 250 333 300 330 500 750 750 750 500 722 722 722 722 722 722 1000 722 667 667 667 667 389 389 389 389 722 722 778 778 778 778 778 570 778 722 722 722 722 722 611 556 500 500 500 500 500 500 722 444 444 444 444 444 278 278 278 278 500 556 500 500 500 500 500 549 500 556 556 556 556 500 556 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FontDescriptor 46 0 R >> endobj 46 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /TimesNewRoman,Bold /Flags 16418 /FontBBox [ -250 -216 1165 1000 ] /MissingWidth 323 /StemV 136 /StemH 136 /ItalicAngle 0 /CapHeight 891 /XHeight 446 /Ascent 891 /Descent -216 /Leading 149 /MaxWidth 971 /AvgWidth 427 >> endobj 47 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /TimesNewRoman /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -250 -216 1165 1000 ] /MissingWidth 323 /StemV 73 /StemH 73 /ItalicAngle 0 /CapHeight 891 /XHeight 446 /Ascent 891 /Descent -216 /Leading 149 /MaxWidth 971 /AvgWidth 401 >> endobj 48 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /Name /F1 /BaseFont /TimesNewRoman /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 255 /Widths [ 250 333 408 500 500 833 778 180 333 333 500 564 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 564 564 564 444 921 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 611 333 278 333 469 500 333 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 480 200 480 541 778 500 778 333 500 444 1000 500 500 333 1000 556 333 889 778 611 778 778 333 333 444 444 350 500 1000 333 980 389 333 722 778 444 722 250 333 500 500 500 500 200 500 333 760 276 500 564 333 760 500 400 549 300 300 333 576 453 250 333 300 310 500 750 750 750 444 722 722 722 722 722 722 889 667 611 611 611 611 333 333 333 333 722 722 722 722 722 722 722 564 722 722 722 722 722 722 556 500 444 444 444 444 444 444 667 444 444 444 444 444 278 278 278 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 549 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FontDescriptor 47 0 R >> endobj 49 0 obj 1264 endobj 50 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 49 0 R >> stream