There was a shift from the squareness in the face and innovative applications of elongation in the details of face and body. The Victorious Youth is a Grecian bronze sculpture dated to be between 300-100 B.C. o the conclusion of German authorities in the mid-1970s that the statue could legally be offered for sale in Munich because the Italian high court had concluded that there was no evidence that the statue was of Italian origin or that it had been found in Italy (or in Italian waters). In 1973, Mr. Getty discussed the possibility of joint acquisition of the statue with Thomas Hoving, director of the Metropolitan Museum. what happens when you don't tithe; statue of a victorious youth analysis Found in the sea by fishermen in international waters in 1964, this statues origin is unknown, but either Olympia or the youths hometown is possible. Ashmole is said to have spoken directly with John Paul Getty about the statue during a visit to the billionaires UK home, which is located three miles north-east of Guildford in Surrey. As the encrusted statue, covered in marine organisms and barnacles from its 2000 years in seawater began to smell, the ancient bronze drew unwanted attention. Romans probably carried the statue off from its original location during the first century B.C. In 1983 the Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act (CPIA) became law in the United States, implementing the 1970 UNESCO Convention. [25], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}432332N 143326E / 43.39222N 14.55722E / 43.39222; 14.55722. The investigation was dropped for lack of evidence of wrongdoing, mainly because the Italian high court had concluded that there was no evidence that the statue had been found in Italy (or Italian waters) or that it was of Italian origin. Bryn Mawr PA 19010. Culture minister Alberto Bonisoli urged US authorities to act quickly on the countrys behalf to favour the restitution of the Lysippos to Italy. 40 (nautical) miles out from the Italian coast, as told by Romeo Pirani to an Italian reporter for the Italian news publication Il Tirreno on November 20, 2007, 37/38 miles from the port of Ancona, and 24/25 miles from Fano, . At the very least, assigning a post-Classical date to the Getty statue makes an identification as a Hellenistic royal portrait possible. 5 Public art navboxes, lists and articles by location. The journal publishes articles on the work of African regional and sub-regional human rights bodies as well as the work of international bodies related to Africa. rdr2 kieran fishing mission disappeared; reggie lewis son basketball. Analysis Of The Book ' Of Cannibals ' 1008 Words | 5 Pages. (It.). Juni 2022; Beitrags-Kategorie: chances of getting cancer in 20s reddit Beitrags-Kommentare: joshua taylor bollinger county mo joshua taylor bollinger county mo Greek architecture stretches from c. 900 B.C.E. 2020 ford edge heads up display; The captain of the vessel was Romeo Pirani, the owner of the vessel was Guido Ferri. [18][n 2] The unearthing of classical Greek and Roman sculptures are discovered all around the Mediterranean Sea; both empires reached far to the Iberian Peninsula, areas on Africa's northern coast, Asia Minor, the Middle East, and modern-day Europe. Additional resources View this work on the Getty Museum's website If left untreated, the copper part of bronze can easily fall off, leaving a disfigured image. This combination kept the structure stable through multiple layers of application. or A.D., when Roman collecting of Greek art was at its height. Cha c sn phm trong gi hng. Fig. The piece of art is also known as the Athlete of Fano, for the . Donatello's statue uses a youthful and victorious David to reintroduce many Classical elements, meaning artistic styles from ancient Greece and Rome. For that matter, how would the J. Paul Getty Museum classify any foreign antiquity or cultural remains found and preserved within the boundaries of Italy? o Passage of time defeats any claim by Italy. Dubbi su 250 opere, Rutelli-Getty, secondo round - Non esponete opere rubate. Poem and film by Gabriele Tinti Read by Robert Davi Statue of a Victorious Youth (The Getty Bronze), 300 -100 B.C., Greek. Jiri Frel in 1982 examines the statue associated with Alexander the Great, based on reviewing the whole figure the stance to features doesn't represent a well bred citizen but higher in class. The olive wreath was the prize for a victor in the Olympic Games and identifies this youth as a victorious athlete. It was created sometime between the 4th and 2nd Century B.C. 2400 lh576-01 sigma lh576-01 a Using the Gettys logic, I am curious how the museum would classify the presence and ownership of Greek made vases found on Italian soil, like the Euphronios Krater, which was looted from an Etruscan necropolis west of Rome? Several years after the initial appeal, the Court of Cassation held in February 2014 that the Pesaro courts refusal to open the proceeding to the press and the public might have violated the Italian Constitution and transferred the appeal to the Constitutional Court. The precise location of the shipwreck, which preserved this object from being melted down like all but a tiny fraction of Greek bronzes, has not been established; it seems most likely that a Roman ship carrying looted objects was on its way to Italy when it foundered. Unless Italy can demonstrate that the object was found in Italian territory, which it cannot do, Italian patrimony law establishing state ownership does not apply. This is Prezzi Borse Louis Vuitton Foulard Louis Vuitton Louis Vuitton Portafogli Louis Vuitton Borse Prezzi Louis Vuitton Napoli to go purchasing For Example: The main obstacle for all of the nationalist parties remains the preamble to the current pact . Found outside the territory of any modern state, and immersed in the sea for two millennia, the Bronze has only a fleeting and incidental connection with Italy. Earlier Getty publications have played up the latter possibility (royal portrait) at the expense of the former (victorious athlete). Evidence presented by the Italian state at the Tribunal in Pesaro in February 2010 related that John Paul Getty was therefore fully aware of the criminal proceeding which had been brought by the Italian AG against the accomplices involved in the smuggling of the bronze. The victors received wreaths of different leaves depending on the site location; laurel at Delphi, olive at Olympia, pine at Isthmia, and wild celery at Nemea. Other accounts state that Giacomo Barbetti sold the statue to an art dealer only a few days after its purchase from Mr. Ferri and Mr. Pirani (therefore in 1964) but here the dates and transactions are not very clear. Early life. And so I suspect shall the Italians. The Getty relied explicitly on the Italian high courts decision as well as opinions by pre-eminent Italian lawyers, statements by the senior Italian official in charge of exports, decisions by German law enforcement officials, and other similar factors in making its good faith decision to purchase the statue. On November 20, 2006, the Director of the museum, Michael Brand, announced that twenty-six disputed pieces were to be returned to Italy, but not the Victorious Youth, for which the judicial procedure was still pending at the time. It also relied on the fact that the bronze had been smuggled illegally out of Italy without a license for export. It also illustrates the extent the actors went to, in order to willfully circumvent the Italian legislations restriction on selling antiquities of this significance. 2314 et seq.) The questions which we as specialists choose to ask of archaeological artifacts sometimes predetermine the answers we will obtain. By incriminating himself, his estimate could at least be considered reasonably honest. To classify the entire list of ancient peoples who resided on what is today called Italy, as either Roman or Italic, or by proxy their cultural output as either Roman or Italian fails to consider the interconnectedness of all the peoples in antiquity, Greek and otherwise, who inhabited what is now known as Italy. Finding the Bronze The Victorious Youth is a bronze statue made using the lost wax technique. Grimaldi and Manca both reported that the bronze had been the subject of an investigation and trial in Italy, which began in 1965 and which concluded in 1970, with a definitive sentence of acquittal delivered by the Court of Appeal of Rome. June 10, 2022 . Millions trust Grammarly's free writing app to make their online writing clear and effective. While taking many months to conclude, on May 23, 1978, the Central Office for Environmental, Architectural, Archaeological, Artistic and Historical Heritage of the Ministry for Cultural and Environmental Heritage reported that no license of export, for the bronze statue, had ever been issued by the Italian authorities. statue of a victorious youth formal analysis 051 831415. hammond veterinary clinic. The time period it took for this robust review by Peeler is not stated in the Gettys timeline, but according to court documents a letter was sent to Stuart T. Peeler on 4 October 1972, by lawyers Vittorio Grimaldi and Gianni Manca of the Ercole Graziadei law firm, which represented Herzer and the art firm Artemis. Italian art dealer Giacomo Medici was eventually arrested in 1997; his operation was thought to be "one of the largest and most sophisticated antiquities networks in the world, responsible for illegally digging up and spiriting away thousands of top-drawer pieces and passing them on to the most elite end of the international art market".[23]. Original Medium: Bronze with inlaid copper. Posted at 20:01h . The Getty purchased the statue in 1977, after Italys Court of Cassation ruled in 1968 that there was no evidence the statue belonged to Italy. Dismissed by the Lower Court in 2007, the decision was appealed by the Public Prosecutor with the support of Italys Avvocatura dello Stato, and on 12 June 2009 the new magistrate Lorena Mussoni, preliminary investigation judge at the Tribunal of Pesaro ordered the forfeiture of the statue on the basis of the fact that the object had been exported out of the Italian territory in contravention of Italian laws. Shortly thereafter, and following publicity about the statue, a local prosecutor in Pesaro, Italy filed a criminal case against the long-deceased fishermen who found the statue and seeking an order forfeiting the statue to Italy. In addition to conflicting with the Third United Nations Law of the Sea Convention, adopted in 1982, this theory would lead to the absurd result that if an Australian fishing boat had found the Bronze, it would become Australian cultural property. Statue of a victorious youth. The Victorious Youth is part of the Getty Museum Studies on Art series, designed to introduce individual artworks or small groups of related works to a broad public with an interest in the history of art. The Roman ship carrying it may have foundered, preserving the statue for centuries in the sea. Also the memory or capabilities of those making statements has also drawn questions as to abilities and motivations as we have pointed out, a few miles from the Fano coast, within Italian territorial waters. to the first century C.E. o Alleged illegal export is not grounds for return. In February 2010, Judge Lorena Mussoni, preliminary investigation judge at the Tribunal of Pesaro, ruled that the Victorious Youth was exported illicitly. statue of a victorious youth formal analysis. In February 2014 Italys highest court elected not to issue any ruling upholding or rejecting the lower courts judgment that the Victorious Youth was illicitly exported from Italy and as such, is subject to seizure. Started under SIGE no. statue of a victorious youth formal analysis statue of a victorious youth formal analysis. as reported by Athos Rosato, a 15 year old deckhand at the time the statue was lifted aboard ship, to US journalist, Jason Felch in an interview sometime in 2006. The origin of the statue is unknown, but either Olympia or the youth's hometown is possible. Open daily at limited capacity, 10-5pm, closed on Mondays. Not until the 1990s was the next attempt to identify the sculpture and the Getty Museum didn't approve the name. The request for judicial assistance was ultimately rejected by the the Public Prosecutor of the District Court of Bavaria, on the grounds that the crime hypothesized by the Italian GA (the crime of illicit exportation), and interpreted as receiving stolen goods in Germany (1973), was not an extraditable offense. (It. This statue was completed in the 480 BCE in the late Archaic period and early classical period. Donatello's David represents a union of classical and humanist concepts in alignment with Christian iconography. Tiny timeline: ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in a global context, 2nd1st millennia B.C.E. On June 08, 2018, in a long-awaited judicial decision, four full months after the Pesaro open court hearings had concluded, Italys Court of First Instance, the Tribunale di Pesaro issued a lengthy 46-page ordinance, written and signed by Magistrate Giacomo Gasparini, firmly rejecting the Getty museums opposition to Italys order of confiscation. As was the case with the earlier court proceedings the new Pesaro case dragged on for years within the Italian court system, with numerous reversals of verdicts and also noting the deaths of many of the original illegal actors. Institution vows to defend legal right to Victorious Youth statue discovered off Pesaro in 1964. The statue of a Victorious Youth is Greek, not Roman or Italian. (yrs 3-4) Nursing. special olympics records Location Created: Greece Physical. trey kulley majors instagram. Barbetti in turn shifted the statue to his own property before moving it on to the church sacristy of Giovanni Nagni, a priest in Gubbio. Until we see that decision, we cannot determine with certainty our next legal steps. It is interesting to note that the lawyers also clarified that the acquittal had been determined by the lack of ascertaining both, the place of the statues discovery, and the uncertainty about the nature of the goods archaeological or historical interest to the state. The statue was acquired in 1971 by a consortium called Artemis S.A., a publicly traded fund specializing in art works. Putting its own public pressure on the J. Paul Getty Museum, on April 4, 2007, the cultural association Le Cento Citta presented a complaint via the Public Prosecutor at the Tribunal of Pesaro for violation of customs regulations and for smuggling in relation to the theft of the bronze. statue of a victorious youth analysis. View this sample Outline. Last Hurricane To Hit Destin Fl , Statue Of A Victorious Youth Formal Analysis , Poems About The American Dream Dying , Registering A . Greek games functioned as a major aspect in Greek culture and art. write a rational function with the given asymptotes calculator. As part of these collaborations, the Getty undertook the conservation of five highly significant works of ancient art and a collection of 37 votive offerings, all belonging to Italian museums. The date of this statement, and who it was made to, and in what, if any, official capacity has not been clarified in the Getty Museums timeline. June 10, 2022 . Oct 17, 2016 - An artistic celebration of the Olympic Games from antiquity to the present. statue of a victorious youth formal analysis. There is no physical evidence to support the conclusion that Lysippos was the sculptor, but Frel, Mattusch, and ancient literary source Pliny, theorizes that Lysippos or his student was the Youth's creator. Romans probably carried the statue off from its original location during the first century B.C. The Greek city was founded as the result of colonial expansion by Greek settlers from Syracuse, in about 387 BCE. Nails pierced into the wax to the inner core and protruded outwards to keep the statue positioned with the external mold. The painting belongs to the Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; however it is being auctioned on . "A judge in Italy has ordered the confiscation of the famed Statue of the Victorious Youth, which is also known as the Getty Bronze. Registration confirmation will be emailed to you. He had been an adventurer in his youth. The Museum's previous curator of antiquities, Marion True, was indicted in Italy in 2005 along with Robert E. Hecht on criminal charges relating to trafficking in stolen antiquities. The stalemate led to a breakdown in the negotiations--until recently. [24] True is currently under investigation by Greek authorities over the acquisition of a 2,500-year-old funerary wreath. But Mattusch also includes an illustration demonstrating how the same sculptural type might have been adapted to serve a different purpose: figure 62 shows a 2nd century B.C.E. The pair later met in London on June 14 1973. As for the JPGMs state to the bronzes fleeting presence in Italy in modern times, its worth mentioning that the introduction of the statue onto Italian territory was done so clandestinely, via two Italian vessels, the Ferruccio Ferri and the Gigliola Ferri, captained by Romeo Pirani and owned by Guido Ferri, in violation of the provisions set out in, Articles 35, 36, 39, 42 , 48, 61 of Italian law n. 1089 of 1939. But rest assured, we will continue to assert our right to keep the Victorious Youth in its home at the Villa, where it is on display and in our care. LACMA's collections encompass the geographic world and virtually the entire history of art with more than 100,000 objects dating from ancient times to the present. These comparanda attest to a late Classical Greek sculptural type, the autostephanoumenos, used for centuries to represent athletic victors in a stereotypical, non-individualized manner. Sometime thereafter it was shifted again, though to an unknown location. The rest of the letters were more in line with what I expected, which was less heavy work to take in after Katrina's apology. A naked youth stands with his weight on his right leg, crowning himself with a wreath, probably olive. 43 miles from (Mount) Conero, a promontory situated directly south of the port of Ancona on the Adriatic Sea and about 27 miles from the coast of the former Yugoslavia at a depth of about 75 meters. (the information is contained in the letter sent by Mr. Grimaldi to Mr. Brownell dated l.10.1973), o an independent analysis of applicable international, federal and state law. On May 3, 2012 Maurizio Di Palma, the Pre-Trial judge at the Tribunal of Pesaro, once again upheld the earlier 2010 order of forfeiture and confirmed that the statue was illegally exported from Italy. On November 8, 1970 the Court of Appeal in Rome absolved the four defendants of wrongdoing, as again, the whereabouts of the statue remained unknown, and without the benefit of being able to examine the unaccounted for antiquity, there was insufficient evidence to prove the underlying crime. Kritios Boy was one of the most influential statues because of the standing style they portrayed in the sculptor. The New Art Investors (Celebrity Musicians) We can identify an ancient portrait. The captain of the vessel was Romeo Pirani, the owner of the vessel was Guido Ferri. This statue shows an athlete tying a ribbon around his head, signifying that he has just won a competition. Statements given by Pirani, Ferri and a deckhand aboard the vessel, referring to the approximate location where the statue was found, have at times been inconsistent. The sculpture was found in the summer of 1964 in the sea off Fano on the Adriatic coast of Italy, snagged in the nets of an Italian fishing trawler, the Ferri Ferruccio. The rectangular plate on the statue's back of neck functioned as support for the Bronze's vertical position, a technique shared by two other fourth-century bronzes; the Marathon Boy and the Antikythera Youth. Location Created: Greece Physical Dimensions: 151.5 70 27.9 cm, 64.4108 kg (59 5/8 27. 3357/07 R.G.I.P. 15 of 1972. Indeed, no evidence was ever presented related to any assertion of Italian ownership. [22] The Getty Museum is involved in a controversy regarding proper title to some of the artwork in its collection. The clay core inside might give further detail to where and when it was made. Perhaps a copy of a bronze statue of c. 20 BCE. The request also asked for any photographic documentation Herzer might have of the statue. A further problem concerns the garment the statuette wears, which difers from those worn by almost all Greek and Roman statues or Fig. As stated above, the Court of Cassation annulled the Appellate Court sentence in May 1968 and ordered the case reheard in a new trial. Over the past week, many news organizations have been writing about a reverse decision by the Court of Cassation in Italy that the statue of the Victorious Youth owned by the Getty for more than 40 years is part of Italys cultural heritage. Recently, the Ministry succeeded in having the Court of Cassation reverse its earlier ruling and uphold an Italian Order of Forfeiture. More recently, scholars have been more concerned with the original social context, such as where the sculpture was made, for what context and who he might be. , Cite this page as: Dr. Kenneth Lapatin, ", Reframing Art History, a new kind of textbook, Guide to AP Art History vol. [n 1][17] Italian art dealers paid the fishermen $5,600 USD for it. According to statements taken by Fano fishermen with knowledge of the event, who worked aboard the fishing vessel Ferruccio Ferri and were involved in the discovery, the bronze statue, which came to be known as lAtleta Vittorioso, was found by coincidence, and was hauled up into fishing nets from the Adriatic sea in August 1964. Appealed to the higher court again, on December 3, 2018 Italys Cassation Court rejected the J. Paul Getty Museums appeal against the lower court ruling in Pesaro, issued by Magistrate Giacomo Gasparini. In a book that encourages the reader to look carefully at every one of its beautifully-produced illustrations, I wish that Mattusch had explained further why victorious youth is a safer bet than royal portrait for the statues identity. coin representing Demetrios I of Bactria touching a wreath on his head with his right hand like the Victorious Youth, but cradling Herakles club and lion skin in his left instead of a palm branch. Many underwater bronzes have been discovered along the Aegean and Mediterrean coast; in 1900 sponge divers found the Antikythera Youth and the portrait head of a Stoic, at Antikythera, the standing Poseidon of Cape Artemision in 1926, and various bronzes until 1999. Some readers may simply not understand how consensus was reached on either identity or chronology without further clarification in the text. It also diminishes the stature of the museum in the eyes of scholars and the knowledgeable public as an ethical collecting institution. A further problem concerns the garment the statuette wears, which difers from those worn by almost all Greek and Roman statues or Fig. The striking statue is of a naked youth, standing with his weight on his right leg, crowning himself with a wreath, probably olive. statue of a victorious youth analysis. The origin of the statue is unknown, but either Olympia or the youth's hometown is possible. I previously worked at Stanford and at UC Davis, and spent 15 years as a journalist. Installation view of Statue of a Victorious Youth at the Getty Villa, Spring 2018. The primary evidence in the case came from the 1995 raid of a Geneva, Switzerland warehouse which had contained a fortune in stolen artifacts. Its location was well-known to Italy since at least 1973. After the final layer of clay was applied, wax sheets covered the statue's surface. The statue of a Victorious Youth was found in international waters by fishermen on an Italian vessel in 1964. Frankly speaking whether or not the museum is ultimately obliged judicially to return the bronze to Italy, its ethical quandary, of maintaining a plundered object in its collection in spite of its known illicit nature, has been clearly exposed. Specialists neutralize the active corrosion by submerging it in a heated solution of sodium sesquicarbonate. Accidental discovery by Italian citizens does not make the statue an Italian object. Bir baka sitesi. The Victorious Youth, Getty Bronze, also known as Atleta di Fano, or Lisippo di Fano is a Greek bronze sculpture, made between 300 and 100 BC,[1] in the collections of the J. Paul Getty Museum, Pacific Palisades, California. He came from a family of bronze workers who developed a new method of increasing production, and the statues of athletes were a specialty. Mosaic decoration at the Hammath Tiberias synagogue, Palmyra: the modern destruction of an ancient city, A conversation with Dr. Kenneth Lapatin, Curator of Antiquities, Getty Museum and Dr. Beth Harris, Executive Director, Smarthistory, in front of, https://smarthistory.org/statue-of-a-victorious-youth-getty-conversations/. Now much debate and research is specific to anatomy, its date and authorship; but with the uncertainties of stylistic assessments its difficult to reach a consensus. In the introduction to her new monograph in the Getty Museum Studies on Art series, Carol Mattusch warns the reader that this study of the Victorious Youth will not be conducted in the traditional manner (p. 1). Italian: Vorremmo fare il punto sul rapporto con il Paul Getty Museum perch ci sono state alcune incomprensioni, mentre vorremmo che fosse molto chiara la nostra posizione: infatti, esiste una serie di provvedimenti giudiziari che hanno i loro corsi e, mentre la magistratura svolge i propri accertamenti, vorremmo trovare una soluzione di buona volont con il Getty. Cult Statue of a Goddess, perhaps Aphrodite 88.AA.76, Two Griffins Attacking a Fallen Doe 85.AA.106, Attic Red-Figured Neck Amphora 84.AE.63, Fragment of a fresco: lunette with mask of Hercules 96.AG.171, Apulian Red-Figured Loutrophorus 84.AE.996, Apulian Pelike with Arms of Achilles 86.AE.611, Attic Red-Figured Calyx Krater 88.AE.66, Attic Red-Figured Phiale Fragments by Douris 81.AE.213, Attic Red-Figured Amphora with Lid 79.AE.139, Apulian Red-Figured Volute Krater 85.AE.102, Attic Red-Figured Calyx Krater 92.AE.6 and 96.AE.335, Attic Red-Figured Mask Kantharos 85.AE.263, Etruscan Red-Figured Plastic Duck Askos 83.AE.203, Group of Attic Red-Figured Calyx Krater Fragments (Berlin Painter, Kleophrades Painter) 77.AE.5, Apulian Red-Figured Bell Krater 96.AE.29, Attic Black-Figured Amphora (Painter of Berlin 1686) 96.AE.92, Antefix in the Form of a Maenad and Silenos Dancing 96.AD.33, Bronze Mirror with Relief-Decorated Cover 96.AC.132, Attic Red-Figured Bell Krater 81.AE.149, Apulian Red-Figured Volute Krater 77.AE.14, Attic Red-Figured Calyx Krater (Birds) 82.AE.83, Group of three Fragmentary Corinthian Olpai 81.AE.197, Apulian Red-Figured Volute Krater 77.AE.13. Andrea del Verrocchio, (born 1435, Florence [Italy]died 1488, Venice), 15th-century Florentine sculptor and painter and the teacher of Leonardo da Vinci.His equestrian statue of Bartolomeo Colleoni, erected in Venice in 1496, is particularly important.. History of the Statue referred to in Italy as L'Atleta di Fano, L'Atleta di Lisippo, L'Atleta Vittorioso, or for short, often as a point of pride, or affection, "il Lisippo." In September 2007 Italy announced that it had agreed to drop its civil lawsuit against Marion True, the former curator of the J. Paul Getty Museum after the Los Angeles museum signed a formal joint agreement to return a total of 40 antiquities plundered from Italian territory. The NSPA also allows foreign countries cultural patrimony legislation to be effectively enforced, within very specific circumstances, within U.S. territory by U.S. courts. how much does an ambulance weigh; pisces sun scorpio moon personality; liuna annuity withdrawal; mercy lewis role in the crucible; A series of fortunate events July 20, 2020. After years of criminal proceedings in the late 1960s, several Italians who had purchased the statue from the fishermen were acquitted of purchasing and concealing stolen property. [4], Like many other Greek artworks, the bronze statue was made through the lost-wax method. The court held that the world famous statue known as the Victorious Youth - a masterpiece in the collection of J. Paul Getty Villa located in Pacific Palisades, California - belongs to .
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